{"id":925607,"date":"2024-08-26T06:25:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-26T06:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/?p=925607"},"modified":"2024-08-26T06:25:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-26T06:25:03","slug":"understanding-http-requests-what-are-they-made-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/understanding-http-requests-what-are-they-made-of\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP \u0130steklerini Anlamak: Bunlar Neden Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

HTTP \u0130ste\u011fini Neler Olu\u015fturur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternette gezinirken, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z her t\u0131klama veya giri\u015f, web sitesini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran sunucuya bir sinyal veya daha do\u011frusu bir HTTP iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderir. Bu, web'in nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011finin temel bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r, ancak s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir veya yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu makalede, bir HTTP iste\u011finin nelerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve her bir bile\u015fenin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bile\u015fen<\/strong><\/th>Tan\u0131m<\/strong><\/th>\u00d6nem<\/strong><\/th>\u00d6rnekler<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0130stek Hatt\u0131<\/strong><\/td>HTTP istek mesaj\u0131ndaki ilk sat\u0131r. Y\u00f6ntemi, URL'yi ve HTTP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7erir.<\/td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Ba\u015fl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/td>\u0130stek hakk\u0131nda ek bilgi sa\u011flayan anahtar-de\u011fer \u00e7iftleri.<\/td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>Host: www.example.com<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
V\u00fccut<\/strong><\/td>\u00d6zellikle POST isteklerinde istemci taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen verileri ta\u015f\u0131yan opsiyonel bile\u015fen.<\/td>De\u011fi\u015fir<\/td>Form verileri, JSON y\u00fckleri<\/td><\/tr>
Y\u00f6ntem<\/strong><\/td>\u0130stemcinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istedi\u011fi eylemi belirtir.<\/td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>AL, YAYINLA, KOY, S\u0130L<\/td><\/tr>
URL\/URI<\/strong><\/td>\u0130stemcinin etkile\u015fim kurmak istedi\u011fi sunucudaki kayna\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\/about<\/code>, \/api\/v1\/users<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
HTTP S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>\u0130stekte kullan\u0131lan HTTP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir.<\/td>Orta<\/td>HTTP\/1.1, HTTP\/2.0<\/td><\/tr>
Durum Sat\u0131r\u0131<\/strong><\/td>Sunucunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, iste\u011fin de\u011fil. Durum kodunu ve mesaj\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/td>Orta<\/td>HTTP\/1.1 200 OK<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Sorgu Parametreleri<\/strong><\/td>Genellikle bir URL'nin ard\u0131ndan gelen, istek i\u00e7in ek bilgi i\u00e7eren k\u0131sm\u0131 ?<\/code> sembol.<\/td>Orta<\/td>\/search?q=proxy+servers<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Kurabiye<\/strong><\/td>Sunucudan istemciye g\u00f6nderilen, saklanan ve sonraki isteklerle geri g\u00f6nderilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veri par\u00e7alar\u0131.<\/td>Orta<\/td>Cookie: sessionId=abc123<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Kimlik Do\u011frulama Verileri<\/strong><\/td>\u0130ste\u011fi yapan istemcinin kimli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bilgi.<\/td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>Authorization: Basic YWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuc2VzYW1l<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Y\u00f6nlendiren<\/strong><\/td>\u0130ste\u011fin kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 URL'yi belirtir.<\/td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>Referer: https:\/\/google.com<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0130stek Hatt\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stek sat\u0131r\u0131, bir HTTP iste\u011findeki ilk sat\u0131rd\u0131r ve \u00fc\u00e7 temel bile\u015fen i\u00e7erir: y\u00f6ntem, URL veya URI ve HTTP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc. Bu \u00f6\u011feler, sunucuya istemcinin ne yapmak istedi\u011fini ve bunu nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) HTTP Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • ELDE ETMEK<\/strong>: Belirtilen bir kaynaktan veri ister.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • POSTALAMAK<\/strong>: \u0130\u015flenmek \u00fczere verileri belirtilen bir kayna\u011fa g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • KOYMAK<\/strong>: Hedef kayna\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm ge\u00e7erli g\u00f6sterimlerini y\u00fcklenen i\u00e7erikle de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • S\u0130LMEK<\/strong>: Belirtilen kayna\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Her y\u00f6ntemin farkl\u0131 bir amac\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131 anlamak API'ler ve di\u011fer web teknolojileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    b) URL\/URI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    URL (Tekd\u00fczen Kaynak Bulucu) veya URI (Tekd\u00fczen Kaynak Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131), istemcinin etkile\u015fim kurmak istedi\u011fi kayna\u011f\u0131n konumunu belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir web sitesinin adresini girdi\u011finizde, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sunucudaki belirli bir kayna\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in bir URL kullan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    c) HTTP S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    HTTP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, sunucuya istemcinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 HTTP protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Bu, istemci ile sunucu aras\u0131ndaki uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011fu istek HTTP\/1.1 kullanmaktad\u0131r, ancak HTTP\/2 performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri nedeniyle giderek daha yayg\u0131n hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Ba\u015fl\u0131klar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ba\u015fl\u0131klar, istek i\u00e7in ek ba\u011flam ve talimatlar sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Bunlar, iki nokta \u00fcst \u00fcste i\u015faretiyle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f anahtar-de\u011fer \u00e7iftleridir. \u0130\u015fte en yayg\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131klardan baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Ev sahibi<\/strong>: Sunucunun etki alan\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Host: www.example.com<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Arac\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>: \u0130stemcinin taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 veya uygulamas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0130\u00e7erik T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong>: Kayna\u011f\u0131n medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Content-Type: application\/json<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Kabul etmek<\/strong>: \u0130stemcinin i\u015fleyebilece\u011fi medya t\u00fcrleri hakk\u0131nda sunucuyu bilgilendirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Ba\u015fl\u0131klar inan\u0131lmaz derecede esnektir ve performans\u0131 optimize etmek, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak ve uyumlulu\u011fu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in istek ve yan\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. V\u00fccut<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      HTTP iste\u011finin g\u00f6vdesi, sunucuya g\u00f6nderilen verilerin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle istemcinin i\u015flenmek veya depolanmak \u00fczere sunucuya veri g\u00f6ndermesi gereken POST, PUT ve PATCH gibi y\u00f6ntemler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      G\u00f6vde \u00e7e\u015fitli veri t\u00fcrlerini i\u00e7erebilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Form Verileri<\/strong>: Genellikle HTML formlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • JSON<\/strong>: Genellikle yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veriler i\u00e7in API'lerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • xml<\/strong>: Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veriler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka formatt\u0131r, ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha az yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        G\u00f6vde, \u00f6zellikle URL'de sa\u011flananlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde ek veriye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmayan GET isteklerinde iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4. Sorgu Parametreleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Sorgu parametreleri, istemcilerin sunucuya ek bilgi iletmesine izin veren URL'nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle bir sorgudan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. ?<\/code> URL'de ve ile ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f &<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6rne\u011fin, URL'de https:\/\/example.com\/search?q=proxy+servers<\/code>, q=proxy+servers<\/code> bir sorgu parametresidir. Bu genellikle arama fonksiyonlar\u0131nda veya veri filtrelemede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        5. \u00c7erezler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u00c7erezler, bir sunucunun istemcinin taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve daha sonra depolan\u0131p sonraki isteklerle geri g\u00f6nderilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veri par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar esas olarak oturum bilgilerini korumak, kullan\u0131c\u0131 tercihlerini izlemek veya kullan\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6zg\u00fc i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00c7erezler, \u00f6zellikle durumsuz HTTP protokol\u00fcnde durumun korunmas\u0131 ve web sitelerinde ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f deneyimlerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        6. Kimlik Do\u011frulama Verileri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Kimlik do\u011frulama verileri genellikle istemcinin kimli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131klara dahil edilir. Bu \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • yetki<\/strong>: Jeton veya API anahtarlar\u0131 gibi kimlik bilgilerini ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Kurabiye<\/strong>: Bazen kimli\u011fi do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lara oturum belirte\u00e7lerini iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Kimlik do\u011frulama verilerinin g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesi, bir web uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak, yetkisiz eri\u015fimi \u00f6nlemek ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerini korumak i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          7. Y\u00f6nlendiren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Referrer ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, iste\u011fin kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 URL'yi belirtir. Bu, analiz, g\u00fcvenlik ve bazen eri\u015fim denetimi i\u00e7in yararl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir sunucu belirli bir etki alan\u0131ndan kaynaklanmayan istekleri engelleyerek, siteler aras\u0131 istek sahtecili\u011fi (CSRF) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Bir HTTP iste\u011finin anatomisini anlamak, web teknolojileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in temeldir. \u0130ster API'lerle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen bir geli\u015ftirici olun, ister bir proxy sunucusu kurun veya sadece web'in nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na merakl\u0131 olun, bu kavramlar\u0131 kavramak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          HTTP iste\u011finin temel bile\u015fenleri (istek sat\u0131r\u0131, ba\u015fl\u0131klar, g\u00f6vde, sorgu parametreleri, \u00e7erezler ve kimlik do\u011frulama verileri) istemci ile sunucunun etkili bir \u015fekilde ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve internetin \u015fu an oldu\u011fu gibi sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Proxy sunucular\u0131 kuranlar veya web g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in, bu \u00f6\u011felerin nas\u0131l etkile\u015fime girdi\u011fini bilmek web trafi\u011finizi optimize etmenize ve g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Sonu\u00e7ta, HTTP istekleri hakk\u0131nda ne kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey anlarsan\u0131z, sorunlar\u0131 gidermek, performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in o kadar iyi donan\u0131ml\u0131 olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Her bir bile\u015feni par\u00e7alayarak, yaln\u0131zca bir HTTP iste\u011finin nelerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda her bir par\u00e7an\u0131n web ileti\u015fiminin daha geni\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemini de g\u00f6sterdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Bu bilgiyle, ister taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n, ister API'lerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n, ister bir proxy sunucu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netin, web sunucular\u0131yla olan etkile\u015fimleriniz \u00fczerinde tam kontrole sahip olabilirsiniz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          What Makes Up an HTTP Request? When you browse the internet, every click or input you make sends a signal, or more precisely, an HTTP request, to the server hosting the website. This is a core part of how the web functions, yet it\u2019s often overlooked or misunderstood. In this article, we will break down […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":925608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-925607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=925607"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":925609,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925607\/revisions\/925609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/925608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=925607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=925607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=925607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}