{"id":579535,"date":"2023-12-28T03:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-12-28T03:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/glossary\/encryption-key\/"},"modified":"2023-12-28T03:09:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-28T03:09:19","slug":"encryption-key","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/glossary\/encryption-key\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, lo\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u00e3 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb truy c\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qua internet.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng bit. Kh\u00f3a d\u00e0i h\u01a1n mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u00f3a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (Kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai)<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u00f3a phi\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f3a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, chi ti\u1ebft t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean l\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong email, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m kho kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai (PKI) gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>X\u00e1c minh danh t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00fa v\u1ecb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed:<\/strong> Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed:<\/strong> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1ea8n danh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp Internet:<\/strong> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00e2ng cao quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 SSL\/TLS:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a SSL\/TLS, ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan, vui l\u00f2ng truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIST)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u OpenSSL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-579535","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/579535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/579535\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=579535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}