{"id":579645,"date":"2023-12-28T03:10:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-28T03:10:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/glossary\/double-spending\/"},"modified":"2023-12-28T03:10:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-28T03:10:21","slug":"double-spending","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/glossary\/double-spending\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ti\u00eau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean blockchain nh\u01b0 Bitcoin. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/h2>\n<p>Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hai l\u1ea7n, khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1: m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 Bitcoin d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thao t\u00fang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>: Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o<\/strong>: Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>X\u1ea3y ra khi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai kh\u1ed1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Finney<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c khai th\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng n\u00f3 sau khi giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Vector76<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch gian l\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Giao d\u1ecbch gian l\u1eadn<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch mua gian l\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin<\/strong>: Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/strong>: Th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n chi ti\u00eau tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gian l\u1eadn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\n<th>Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/th>\n<th>\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sao ch\u00e9p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 phi t\u1eadp trung.<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, gian l\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (PoS) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u1ea9n danh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitcoin.org \u2013 Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Investopedia \u2013 Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">CryptoCompare \u2013 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng blockchain. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":579646,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-579645","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/579645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/579645\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/579646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=579645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}