{"id":925591,"date":"2024-08-12T01:37:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T01:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/?p=925591"},"modified":"2024-08-12T01:37:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T01:37:45","slug":"what-is-tdd-a-complete-guide-to-test-driven-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/what-is-tdd-a-complete-guide-to-test-driven-development\/","title":{"rendered":"TDD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"
Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/td>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/td><\/tr>
Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/td>Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1ea1y n\u00f3, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/td><\/tr>
L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/td>JUnit, NUnit, PyTest, RSpec, Mocha v\u00e0 TestNG.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/td>C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh; c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean; v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1t.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (TDD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (TDD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u01b0ng TDD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o TDD, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i \u00edch, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a TDD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TDD \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecf, Xanh, T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u201d. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng hai s\u1ed1. B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

def test_addition():\n    assert add(2, 3) == 5\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng add()<\/code> ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00ean b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u2014ch\u1ec9 tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
4. Ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi vi\u1ebft xong m\u00e3, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i m\u00e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a TDD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
TDD mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
TDD khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i lui n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
TDD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a TDD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, TDD v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TDD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
TDD \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft code tr\u01b0\u1edbc sang vi\u1ebft test tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ebft th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u00edt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 TDD c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 TDD ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 TDD tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/strong><\/th>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/th>S\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
JUnit<\/strong><\/td>Java<\/td>M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho Java, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho TDD trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/td><\/tr>
NUnit<\/strong><\/td>C#<\/td>M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef .NET, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh phong ph\u00fa.<\/td><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3m tra PyTest<\/strong><\/td>Python<\/td>M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u00e0nh cho Python, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t khi vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/td><\/tr>
RSpec<\/strong><\/td>h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc<\/td>M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u00e0nh vi (BDD) d\u00e0nh cho Ruby, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 vi\u1ebft.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Mocha<\/strong><\/td>JavaScript\/Node.js<\/td>M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m linh ho\u1ea1t cho JavaScript, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 Chai.<\/td><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3m traNG<\/strong><\/td>Java<\/td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb JUnit, TestNG cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi song song.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho TDD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a TDD, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y nhanh, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a TDD. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. TDD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00e1nh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi 100% v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m tra\u2014t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TDD trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda TDD trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def test_login():\n    user = User(username="testuser", password="password123")\n    assert login(user.username, user.password) == "Login successful"\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi login()<\/code> ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def login(username, password):\n    if username == "testuser" and password == "password123":\n        return "Login successful"\n    return "Login failed"\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi c\u00f3 m\u00e3, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i m\u00e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i login()<\/code> ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def login(username, password):\n    if authenticate_user(username, password):\n        return "Login successful"\n    return "Login failed"\n\ndef authenticate_user(username, password):\n    # Logic to authenticate user\n    return True\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a) v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea1i sao TDD l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00edt l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TDD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a TDD khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eed TDD. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Aspect Description Definition A software development approach where tests are written before the code to ensure functionality. Primary Goal To improve code quality and reduce bugs by ensuring that every piece of code meets its intended purpose. Core Process Write a test, run it, write the code, run all tests, refactor, and repeat. Key Benefits […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":925592,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-925591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=925591"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":925593,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925591\/revisions\/925593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/925592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=925591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=925591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proxyelite.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=925591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}